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KMID : 0606920170250060578
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Biomolecules & Therapeutics
2017 Volume.25 No. 6 p.578 ~ p.585
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Evaluation of the Abuse Potential of Novel Amphetamine Derivatives with Modifications on the Amine (NBNA) and Phenyl (EDA, PMEA, 2-APN) Sites
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Custodio Raly James Perez
Botanas Chrislean Jun
Yoon Seong-Shoon
De La Pena June Bryan
Dela Pena Irene Joy I.
Kim Mi-Kyung
Woo Tae-Seon
Seo Joung-Wook
Jang Choon-Gon
Kwon Yong-Ho
Kim Nam-Yong
Lee Yong-Sup
Kim Hee-Jin
Cheong Jae-Hoon
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Abstract
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Recently, there has been a rise in the number of amphetamine derivatives that serve as substitutes for controlled substances (e.g. amphetamine and methamphetamine) on the global illegal drug market. These substances are capable of producing rewarding effects similar to their parent drug. In anticipation of the future rise of new and similar psychoactive substances, we designed and synthesized four novel amphetamine derivatives with N-benzyl, N-benzylamphetamine HCl (NBNA) substituent on the amine region, 1,4-dioxane ring, ethylenedioxy-amphetamine HCl (EDA), methyl, para-methylamphetamine HCl (PMEA), and naphthalene, 2-(aminopropyl) naphthalene HCl (2-APN) substituents on the phenyl site. Then, we evaluated their abuse potential in the conditioned place preference (CPP) test in mice and self-administration (SA) test in rats. We also investigated the psychostimulant properties of the novel drugs using the locomotor sensitization test in mice. Moreover, we performed qRT-PCR analyses to explore the effects of the novel drugs on the expression of D1 and D2 dopamine receptor genes in the striatum. NBNA, but not EDA, PMEA, and 2-APN, induced CPP and SA in rodents. None of the test drugs have produced locomotor sensitization. qRT-PCR analyses demonstrated that NBNA increased the expression of striatal D1 dopamine receptor genes. These data indicate that NBNA yields rewarding effects, suggesting potential for abuse. Continual observation for the rise of related substances is thus strongly encouraged.
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KEYWORD
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Amphetamine derivatives, New Psychoactive Substances, Conditioned-place Preference, Self-administration, D1 & D2 Dopamine receptors, Abuse potential
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